Introduction: To assess efficiency as a relative concept, the difference between real and expected values must be determined by comparing the productivity of economic units of industry and the efficiency in potential production conditions. As economic units, hospitals need to utilize efficiency Analysis in order to make optimal use of their available resources. Therefore, the present study compared the efficiency of different hospitals of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Methods: Since this applied analytical research referred to the documents and performance statistics of hospitals and therfore used real Data, evaluating the validity and reliability had no relevance. In order to measure the relative efficiency of health care in 16 hospitals associated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and also to determine efficient and inefficient hospitals during 2005-2007, CCR (Charnes-Cooper-Rhodes) input oriented multiplier model of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used for Data Analysis. In addition, AP (Anderson-Peterson) model was used to rank efficient hospitals. LINDO software was utilized to solve the model.Results: Based on our results, 43.75%, 31.25% and 37.5% of hospitals were efficient respectively in 2005, 2006 and 2007.Conclusion: The results suggested that the efficiency of inefficient hospitals could be improved through the potential savings in resources (62.44% in infrastructure, 43.88% in the number of active beds, 37.15% in the number of physicians and 38.58% in the number of paramedics).

Well logs are principal sources of subsurface geological information. They provide significant information on mineralogical composition, texture, sedimentary structures and petrophysical properties such as porosity and permeability. By compiling Data from various well logs, one can discriminate sedimentary units with comparable log characteristics. Sedimentary units with similar fluid flow and capacity are named rock type. Rock type determination is the most important task in reservoir characterization of oil bearing formations. Rock type may be determined using different Data sets but their definition on the basis of wire line logs is most common. Multivariate cluster Analysis (as the best method of Data grouping) is one of the most accurate and effective methods in oil bearing reservoir zonation. The method is applied on both detrital and carbonates rocks. This method gets more support by improvements in algorithms and statistics. Proper combination of logs and appropriate algorithm will increase the accuracy, reliability and effect of the method. Similar faces may have different log responses due to diverse factors that affect the logs. Since using statistical methods and procedures are mandatory, in clustering procedure Data are grouped with minimum distance and maximum homogeneity. It is obvious that distinct geological parameters can be related to a group of Data, which are to be used by geologists for further interpretation. For this calculation, all log readings are considered as "observations" and the used logs as the "values of the observations".There are several ways to compute the distance between objects. The "Standardized Euclidean" distance is used here in form the MATLAB software, because more accurate results are obtained with this procedure. By grouping log Data in Multidimensional space (equal dimensions with number of logs), each point (reading) can be related to a group of Data (rock type). High resolution rock typing with reliable conclusions can be inferred with this procedure using pure mathematical formula in which there is no need to regression equations or trainings. In this method, any geological parameter described from other sources such as cores and thin sections can be related to wells with comparable rock types. The accuracy and reliability of defined rock types can be examined in wells from which suitable cores are available. Results from such a comparison provide a fundamental base for study of wells with poor core and cutting Data.Using MATLAB software, this study testifies a new simple method for rock type determination of Asmari Formation in Marun Field. The reliability of the method is examined by correlation of the resultant rock types with those of inferred from cores. Result from such a correlation indicates the reliability of method in rock type determination.

The neoclassical growth model is tested by use of panel Data procedure in this research. In the econometric test, simoultanously time series and cross detection will be compared on the basis of panel Data method through which their observed points increase and consequently the estimation efficiency will be increased. The examination of neoclassical growth theory has been done with reference to external & internal factors of 52 selected countries from 1960 to 2000. The independent variable of model has been selected on the basis of the result of previous research which explains the result in three separate models: developed countries, developing countries, and whole countries. These factors are such as: Gross National Products with lag of period, work force age, growth rate, education level, the change of capital accumulation and economic trade volum. The consequences of this research is that: neoclassical growth model can explain the major part of economic growth of the countries with use of internal variables. Also with the use of panel procedure of fixed effect, we can see the fundamental differences and structure of the growth process for different countries; and show how the economic, and social conditions affect on the growth.

In this paper, we discuss the importance of nuclear power for the future of the world with respect to climate change. In  particular, we examine the involvement of nuclear power by countries in several different ways. We consider first the   involvement of countries with respect to the amount of nuclear power produced, global energy transition, and capacity  factor. Countries are ranked with respect to these three involvement areas. The fuzzy similarity measures of these  rankings are found to be low in most cases. We next place countries in their respective regions. We rank the countries  with respect to their carbon dioxide emissions and their greenhouse gas emissions. We then determine the fuzzy  similarity measures of the countries with respect to the rankings. We found that one of the fuzzy similarity measures  involving green house gas emissions is high.

One of the factors that can be the link between our intentions and actions and their external consequences is human agency, which indicates the conscious design and intentional execution of actions by the individual in order to influence future events.Objective and Method: This research with a developmental approach of psychometric method and method 1, examines the psychometric indices of the Human Factor Characteristics Scale using the classical theory of test score measurement and the graduated question-answer theory. The purpose of this study, which included high school students in Tehran, was selected by cluster sampling of 500 people as a sample size and statistical Analysis was performed on 481 Data. To collect the Data, the ion Human Agent Characteristics Scale (2011) was used and the research questions were evaluated using IRTPRO and SPSS software.Results:The assumption of local independence based on Pearson x2 index was established by applying Simjima's calibrated question-answer theory and the assumption of being one-dimensional based on the Analysis of Multidimensional question-answer theory. Diagnosis parameters with question-answer approach and classical approach Test score Both item 25 approach had the lowest and item 2 had the highest diagnosis parameter. The answer thresholds for all the questions were so far apart that no option was covered by the other option, and the options were independently selected by individuals at intervals of theta. The total scale was calculated with Cronbach's alpha of 0.945, intentionality of 0.894, foresight of 0.780, self-reactivity of 0.871 and rethinking of 0.762. Also, the role of each item in internal consistency was investigated by the loop method, which all questions had a favorable role in internal consistency of this scale. The value of the validity coefficient obtained from the question-answer theory was obtained by marginal method for intentionality 0.92, forethought 0.85, self-reaction 0.91, rethinking 0.83..

Academic ethics violation (cheating) among students is a major issue in higher education. This issue is relatively common and its study concern remains high. The purpose of this descriptive survey research was to analyze the cheating behaviors among college students using Multidimensional scaling approach. The statistical population was College of Agriculture's master students at Razi University (N= 265). A sample of 107 students was' selected using stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire was utilized for information gathering. The research instrument was validated by Psychology and Measurement faculty members. The reliability of the questionnaire as a measure of internal consistency was determined via Cronbach's alpha (0.91). Part of Data was analyzed by Multidimensional scaling. Results showed that students illustrated two cheating behaviors dimensions. The first dimension was interpreted as "type of cheating behavior" and the second as "seriousness of cheating behavior". Results revealed that competition among students is the main reason for academic cheating behaviors. In students' opinion, the majority of cheating behaviors are common and serious at university context. The results could have implications for higher education administrators to understand students' perceptions toward cheating behaviors.